#Geodist all bilateral pairs stata full#

The full dataset of bilateral anomalies resulting from our work is freely available for further research. measure One of 'haversine' 'vincenty', 'geodesic', or 'cheap' specifying desired method of geodesic distance calculation see Notes. pad If sequential TRUE values are padded with initial NA to return n values for input with n rows, otherwise return n -1 values. with respect to all nations other than the two nations in the trading pair or other. The immigration policy index is based on three types of entry visa restrictions: visa required, visa not required for short stays and visa not required.

Our results show: i) the difference between the estimates from theoretically-underpinned gravity models of investments and real data can be used to assess anomalous flows that transit through official channels ii) non-compliance with international transparency standards affects the probability of observing anomalous flows in global financial data iii) a global map of illicit/anomalous flows can be derived from official statistics iv) flipping the narrative on “risky countries” to “risky bilateral links” allows to better investigate push and pull factors of anomalous flows v) the state of offshore secrecy is not a stronger determinant of anomalous flow than onshore secrecy. otherwise calculate matrix of pairwise distances between all points. pair) observations on bilateral trade in goods from 1950 to 2015. For a balanced panel, this would not be an issue as the HT-SUR estimator would. We contribute i) exploiting the theory of portfolio investments to empirically derive a global picture of anomalous money flows over time ii) correlating these anomalies with the degree of compliance with international transparency standards of 85 origin and 214 destination countries over the period 2000–2015. This limits the bilateral trade pairs that are being used in the estimation. On average, the trade value is projected to increase by approximately 5 per year up until 2035. The results indicate a strong support of the gravity model hypotheses. It lacks reliable data as well as solid theoretical underpinnings. 30 Table 4 shows the results of the test for LMU country pairs in 18. The estimation is performed with panel data for global bilateral iron ore trade flows from 1980 to 2016 including 121 countries and almost 14,000 observations. Bilateral controls include distance, adjacency, former colonial status, indicators for common language, common currency and common. The applied literature on money laundering and financial crime uses ad-hoc gravity equations as a workable empirical strategy to estimate illicit (dirty) money flows. The unilateral control variables include total nominal GDP, GDP per capita in PPP terms (World Bank, 2014b), an indicator for whether the country is an island, and an indicator for its continent (CEPII GeoDist 16).

Geodist all bilateral pairs stata